静脉穿刺分步指南
Learn the procedures, steps, risks, and requirements for venipuncture.
采集血液样本或给病人静脉注射是护士执行的常见程序. 获得静脉通路的过程的临床术语称为静脉穿刺. While a seemingly straightforward and relatively simple procedure, 学习如何有效地进入静脉采血或澳门mgm美高梅手机登录静脉注射是一门艺术. 病人喜欢那些能够快速准确地进行静脉穿刺而不需要额外的针头的护士.
In this blog, let’s get into everything you’ll need to know about venipuncture. 这是一种常见的程序，由护士执行. 点击这里了解更多关于 护士的一般职责.
静脉穿刺的定义是什么?
静脉穿刺是获得静脉内血液样本或静脉(IV)治疗的过程. Venipuncture is performed by a nurse and other providers using a needle. 当抽血时，针被连接到真空管上，以容纳收集的血液.
Venipuncture is one of the most performed invasive procedures; in most cases, nurses do it.
You may have seen the terms “venipuncture” and “phlebotomy” used interchangeably. 但是有一个微妙的区别. 静脉切开术严格适用于采血. 静脉穿刺是手术的标题, and it can also include the introduction of the needle for use with IV therapy.
静脉穿刺的目的是什么?
的re are five primary reasons a nurse would perform venipuncture:
- 采集血样用于诊断目的
- 用来监测血液中成分的水平
- To administer treatments (medications, chemotherapy, nutrition)
- To remove blood due to excessive levels of iron or erythrocytes (red blood cells)
- 采血(作为献血者)
进行静脉穿刺需要多长时间?
的se are fast procedures, usually taking just two or three minutes. 针的插入只需要几秒钟, but there is some initial preparation to find the best vein and apply a tourniquet. 一旦针头插入静脉, taking the typical three tubes of blood usually takes 30 seconds or so.
谁来做静脉穿刺?
Various members of the healthcare team can perform venipuncture. But it is most often performed by nurses (registered nurses, RNs; licensed vocational nurses, LVNs; or licensed practical nurses, lpn). 在一些州, 如果接受过必要的培训，医疗助理可以进行静脉穿刺.
学习如何做一个 转行到护理.
静脉穿刺的培训要求是什么?
在美国, 只有四个州需要特殊的州静脉切开术认证:加州, 华盛顿, 内华达, 和路易斯安那州. 大多数执行静脉穿刺的医疗保健提供者要求其执行该程序的员工具有这些领域的特定认证或更广泛的培训, 比如护士学位. Becoming proficient with venipuncture is a part of all nurse training. 这也是医疗助理培训的一部分. (如果你有兴趣成为一名律师，这里有一个链接 医疗助理.)
静脉穿刺需要什么材料?
This straightforward procedure does not require many items beyond the needles, 集合管, 和止血带止血. 以下是所需的完整列表:
- 实验室的形式
- 实验室要求的专用真空管
- 抽血针
- 止血带
- Completed laboratory specimen labels (patient name, etc.)
- 用针容器
- 生物危害防泄漏运输袋
- 静脉穿刺前用酒精拭子消毒
- Gauze and bandage to cover site after needle is removed
- 无菌手套
静脉穿刺是如何进行的?
在你收集了上面列出的材料之后，你就可以进行静脉穿刺了. 步骤如下:
- Explain the procedure and verify why you are drawing blood
- Identify the patient using two patient identifiers as approved by 联合委员会
- 确认所需的测试，并确认您有收集所需的真空管
- Ensure the vacuum tubes are labeled with the patient’s information
- 洗手，戴上无菌手套
- Place the patient’s arm on the arm board (if available) and extend the arm fully
- Apply the tourniquet 3 to 4 inches above the access site
- Have the patient form a fist and look for a good vein
- Select a vein, release the tourniquet, and ask the patient to relax their fist
- 用酒精棉签彻底清洁患处
- Reapply the tourniquet and have the patient again make a fist
- 打开针盖
- Grasp the patient’s lower arm to draw the skin taut and anchor the vein from rolling.
- 插入针
- If correctly inserted, blood should flow into the vacuum tube. If this is not happening, the needle either missed or passed through the vein.
- As the blood flows into the tube, have the patient release their fist.
- After you collect the requisite number of tubes, you can release the tourniquet
- 将纱布垫盖在针头上并取出. Apply slight pressure to the sight and cover it with a bandage.
- 将标签贴在采集的血液上
- Discard the collection unit, placing the needle in the container
- 把血样送到化验室化验
静脉穿刺后有恢复吗?
没有任何恢复. Gauze covers the puncture, and a bandage holds it in place. 的re can be some slight soreness on the site, but this is a fleeting sensation. 如果病人捐过血, tell them they must drink water and eat something after leaving the facility.
What Are the Possible Complications with Venipuncture?
这些都很常见, 获得血液样本的好处远远超过任何潜在风险的低风险程序. 以下是涉及的风险:
- 瘀伤和疼痛
- 感染
- 血肿形成
- 神经损伤
- 动脉穿刺
- 昏厥或接近昏厥
掌握静脉穿刺艺术的专业技巧
每个人都有抽血的时候, and they appreciate the expertise of the person performing the venipuncture. 进入不能有效输送血液的静脉意味着你必须取出针头，然后再试一次, 可能是不同的静脉.
Here are some tips to help become an expert in venipuncture:
- 做出明智的选择. 确定一个靠近表面的静脉，足够大，刺穿时不会打滚. 例如，肘部弯曲处的肘正中静脉对大多数患者来说是一个很好的选择.
- Avoid certain areas such as burned areas, swollen sites, fistulas, or hematomas.
- 让病人参与进来. 这样做的目的是分散注意力. 许多病人对这种手术感到紧张, so it is helpful to keep them from fixating on what you’re doing.
- 将手臂放在穿刺部位下方. 这会使皮肤绷紧，从而确保在第一次尝试时击中目标的机会更大. 这也减轻了病人的痛苦.
- Tie the tourniquet 3-4 inches above the venipuncture site. 不要做得太紧. 的 tourniquet should not be in place for more than two minutes. 拔针前先松开止血带.
- 你可以在静脉不通畅的病人的目标静脉上敷一个热垫. This helps dilate the vein, making it more visible and accessible.
- 的 国家医学图书馆 建议针头的斜面朝上与手臂表面成15到30度角. 为了避免静脉完全穿孔，角度不能太浅或太深.
- Label all your vacuum tube samples immediately to avoid any possible confusion.
你准备好进入护理行业了吗?
如果是这样，你需要了解静脉穿刺，这是护士在医疗环境中执行的常见程序.
Are you interested in working with people and making a difference in their lives? 从事护理工作不仅能满足这一目标, 但就业前景非常乐观:没有足够的护士来填补现有的工作岗位.
澳门mgm美高梅手机登录学院 has different options to help you make a move into nursing. 点击此链接了解我们的 护理程序.
